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Is AI the Answer to the Mental Health Crisis?
With one in five U.S. adults experiencing a mental illness each year, and a growing shortage of mental health professionals, many are looking for new ways to get support. Enter artificial intelligence (AI), with its chatbots, apps, and digital companions that promise to fill the gap. While these tools can be helpful, researchers are raising important questions about their safety and long-term impact.
The Promise of AI in Mental Health
AI-powered mental health tools are becoming more common, and for many, they offer a convenient and accessible option. Dr. Kelly Merrill Jr., an assistant professor at the University of Cincinnati who studies the intersection of technology and health communication, has seen some of this positive impact firsthand. His recent study found that out of 140 participants, about 34% felt happier after using an AI companion.
As Dr. Merrill notes, the goal of these tools is not to replace human therapists but to serve as a resource, especially when the mental health sector is stretched thin. They can offer people a way to get support or simply have a conversation in times of need.
The Hidden Dangers of AI Therapy
Despite the potential benefits, Dr. Merrill and other researchers warn of significant risks. One major concern is privacy, especially for minors. Sharing personal thoughts and feelings with an AI raises questions about how that data is stored, used, and protected.
Another serious risk is the potential for users to become emotionally dependent on AI. Dr. Merrill cautions that relying too heavily on an AI companion can create a false sense of connection and even distort expectations for human relationships. As he puts it, “If you become addicted to an AI companion, you might eventually perceive that your interactions with other humans should be similar to that… That can be dangerous.” This highlights the importance of AI literacy—a clear understanding of how these tools work and, more importantly, their limitations.
A Call to Action for AI Companies and Legislators
While some states like Illinois and Nevada have started to implement regulations on AI in mental health, Ohio currently has none. Dr. Merrill believes that AI companies have a responsibility to build in user protections. This could include simple, yet effective, features like:
Reminders to take breaks after a certain amount of time.
Location-based recommendations for local, professional mental health services.
Alerts that encourage users to connect with a human provider for ongoing support.
As lawmakers consider future regulations, Dr. Merrill urges them to prioritize safety over profit. The ultimate goal should be to protect people and ensure these tools are used responsibly and ethically.
How to Use AI for Mental Health Responsibly
AI-powered mental health tools can be a valuable supplement to traditional care, but they are not a substitute for a human therapist. If you’re considering using an AI tool for support, here are a few things you can do to stay safe:
Understand what you’re interacting with: Don’t confuse an AI with a human. An AI cannot understand emotions, offer empathy, or provide personalized, professional advice in the same way a human can.
Protect your privacy: Be mindful of the personal information you share with any app or chatbot. Look for tools that have clear privacy policies and encryption.
Use it as a bridge, not a destination: Use AI tools for basic support, and as a way to find and connect with a human professional who can provide comprehensive, long-term care.
By being informed and cautious, we can use technology to our advantage while still prioritizing what is best for our mental and emotional well-being.
References
- National Alliance on Mental Illness
- Dr. Kelly Merrill Jr., University of Cincinnati
- Spectrum News
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